Eczema is a common skin condition in babies, often characterized by redness, itching, and dryness. Recurrent eczema can be frustrating for parents and uncomfortable for babies. Understanding the underlying causes can help in managing and preventing flare-ups.
Weak Skin Barrier
Infants have a thin stratum corneum and produce less sebum, leading to insufficient natural moisturizing factors and poor water retention in the skin. This makes the skin more susceptible to external irritants, causing inflammation and itching. Using non-irritating baby moisturizing creams daily and avoiding excessive cleaning can help enhance moisture retention.
Allergen Exposure
Food allergies, such as to milk and eggs, or exposure to inhalant allergens like dust mites and pollen, can trigger eczema. Some children may also experience symptoms like diarrhea and sneezing. Keeping a diet diary and conducting allergen tests can help identify and avoid specific allergens.
Dry Environment
In environments with low humidity, such as during winter heating or in air-conditioned rooms, skin moisture evaporates more quickly, exacerbating eczema symptoms. This can lead to skin flaking and cracking. Using a humidifier to maintain indoor humidity at 50%-60% and keeping bath water temperature below 37°C can help alleviate dryness.
Improper Care
Excessive use of alkaline bath products and frequent wiping can damage the skin’s protective film. Using adult skincare products containing hormones can also lead to recurrent eczema. It is advisable to choose baby-specific bath and skincare products with a pH of 5.5 and apply moisturizer within 3 minutes after washing the face.
Immune Abnormalities
Children with atopic constitutions often have imbalances in cytokine secretion, such as IL-4 and IL-13, leading to overly strong immune responses in the skin. These children may have a family history of asthma or allergic rhinitis. Using immunomodulatory agents like tacrolimus ointment under a doctor’s guidance can help manage symptoms.
Management Tips for Parents
Babies with eczema should wear pure cotton and breathable clothing to avoid irritation from rough fabrics like wool. Breastfeeding mothers should limit allergenic foods, such as spicy and seafood products. If symptoms worsen or there is exudation or pus, parents should seek medical attention promptly to rule out bacterial infection. Keeping the child’s nails trimmed and having them wear cotton gloves at night can reduce scratching and injury. Regular dust removal and cleaning, along with washing bedding in 60°C hot water weekly, can help minimize allergens. Appropriate supplementation of vitamin D and probiotics may also help improve immune function.
Conclusion
Managing recurrent eczema in babies involves understanding the underlying causes and implementing appropriate care strategies. By maintaining a healthy environment, avoiding allergens, and using suitable skincare products, parents can help reduce the frequency and severity of eczema flare-ups, ensuring their baby’s comfort and well-being.
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