Chronic Urticaria
Chronic urticaria is defined as the occurrence of wheals, angioedema, or both for more than six weeks. The exact cause of chronic urticaria is often difficult to identify, and it may involve a combination of factors such as autoimmune reactions, chronic infections, or other underlying health conditions. The symptoms of chronic urticaria are generally less severe than those of acute urticaria but can persist for months or even years, significantly impacting the patient’s quality of life.
Acute Urticaria
Acute urticaria is characterized by the sudden appearance of wheals and itching, typically lasting less than six weeks. It is often triggered by specific factors such as foods (e.g., shellfish, eggs), medications (e.g., penicillin, aspirin), infections, physical stimuli (e.g., cold, heat, pressure), or other external factors. The symptoms of acute urticaria can be severe and may include widespread itching, large wheals, and even systemic symptoms like fever, abdominal pain, and difficulty breathing. In some cases, acute urticaria can lead to life-threatening conditions such as anaphylactic shock.
Treatment Approaches
For chronic urticaria, the primary treatment involves the use of second-generation non-sedating antihistamines, which may be used for extended periods. In cases where these medications are ineffective, other treatments such as omalizumab (an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody) or immunosuppressive agents may be considered.
Acute urticaria treatment focuses on immediate symptom relief and addressing the underlying cause. Antihistamines are commonly used, and in severe cases, corticosteroids or even epinephrine may be administered. Identifying and avoiding the trigger is crucial for preventing recurrence.
Conclusion
Both chronic and acute urticaria can be distressing conditions, but they differ significantly in duration, causes, and treatment approaches. Understanding these differences is essential for effective management and improved patient outcomes.
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